Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Essay Example This chain of importance applies to people separately. Each one has various necessities and prerequisites and in this way they move over the progressive system in an unexpected way. For instance in the event that you put Bill Gates in this chain of command, at that point he may just need to satisfy his self completion need since all his past needs have just been satisfied. Somebody probably won't require wellbeing need since the individual in question probably won't give a lot of significance to it and in this way legitimately move to the regard need. Individuals with various age section and with various sex have various prerequisites regarding these requirements. The natural need is the fundamental need and in this manner it continues as before for guys or females. Individuals with 18-multi year age section require this need more in light of the fact that these individuals are not generally settled and are buckling down for a superior living where as individuals over this age section typically are settled and has less of this need. Security need is more among females when contrasted with guys as they feel more unreliable than men. Belongingness and love need is similarly significant for either guys of females or individual of all ages gathering. It is astonishing that ladies have a greater amount of regard needs than men and less of individuals in the 18-30 age bunch want regard need. Feel need is just among the fem... Belongingness and love need is similarly significant for either guys of females or individual of all ages gathering. It is amazing that ladies have a greater amount of regard needs than men and less of individuals in the 18-30 age bunch want regard need. Feel need is just among the females. What's more, females old enough gathering 18-30 want a greater amount of it than do the 31-45 in light of the fact that those females are progressively youthful and in vogue and in this way follow the style. Numerous individuals like to accomplish the self realization yet females want a greater amount of this need than do guys. Individuals over the 31 years old may put it all on the line since they may have satisfied the various needs and this is the exact opposite thing left. Amazing quality is identified with self realization however it is essentially to accomplish something which nobody different has done or to thoroughly consider of the conventional and this is more in men than in ladies. What's more, this craving of need emerges more when an individual has quite recently passed or going to pass the high school and is a youngster when the ability to think innovatively is more when contrasted with after the thirties. List of sources Richard L. Foolish. The board. Orlando, Florida: The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publishers,

Can Noise Traders Survive

Examine the ramifications of the oddity that albeit budgetary hypothesis expect that speculators are sound in practive, hardly any financial specialists seem to move toward ventures choices in a sane way. Will Noise Traders Survive? 1. Presentation Noise Trader is a monetary term presented by Kyle (1985) and Black (1986). It alludes to a stock merchant who needs access to inside data and settles on unreasonable speculation choices (De Long et al. , 1990). Conventional money related hypotheses are regularly founded on the supposition that all the speculators are rational.The thriving social fund withdraws from old style monetary hypothesis by dropping this fundamental suspicion (Carty, 2005). Lately, there has been a developing enthusiasm for contemplating the conduct and impacts of clamor brokers. Friedman (1953) and Fama (1965) contend that clamor brokers are immaterial in light of the fact that they will be driven out of market by reasonable speculators who exchange against them. I n actuality, Black (1986) contends that commotion dealers can make due over the long haul, and the whole monetary market can't work appropriately without clamor traders.This paper will endeavor to exhibit that commotion merchants can make benefits and make due over the long haul, they can keep up a value affect and give liquidity to the market. So as to show this, first, this exposition will be explicitly concentrating on effective market speculation (EMH), which is a delegate customary money related hypothesis dependent on discerning financial specialists presumption. Both experimental and hypothetical proof will be provided so as to show the disparity between the sound speculators supposition and genuine budgetary markets.Second, this article will additionally clarify how clamor dealers can get by over the long haul, even here and there gain higher anticipated returns than normal financial specialists. At long last, it ought to be noticed that commotion exchanging is fundamental t o money related market as its effect on resource estimating and benefits for advertise liquidity. 2. Illogicality of effective market speculation Efficient-showcase theory (EMH) expect that monetary markets are â€Å"informationally efficient† (Fama, 1965). All financial specialists can settle on discerning speculation choices dependent on total honesty of information.Their contention against the significance of clamor dealers calls attention to that if the cost of an advantage veers from its basic worth, objective arbitrageurs will purchase the underestimated shares on one trade while sell a similar measure of exaggerated offers on another trade (Shleifer, 2000). The activities of normal arbitrageurs will drive the value back to its crucial worth. Over the long haul, in this manner, commotion brokers will reliably lose cash to normal arbitrageurs, in this way in the end vanish from the market (De Long et al. , 1990).In request words, commotion merchants can't get by in the m oney related market in light of the fact that their normal returns are negative. Notwithstanding, albeit productive market speculation is a foundation of present day money related hypothesis, it is frequently contested by financial specialists and scientists both experimentally and hypothetically. The hypothetical mystery of EMH and observational proof against EMH in genuine monetary markets will be additionally clarified by the accompanying models. The Grossman-Stiglitz oddity (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980) affirms that money related market can not be â€Å"informationally efficient†.Grossman and Stiglitz contend that †because data is expensive, costs can't impeccably mirror the data which is accessible, since on the off chance that it did, the individuals who spent assets to acquire it would get no compensation† (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980, p. 405 ). In the event that a market is educationally effective, it implies that all applicable data is reflected in showca se costs. Accordingly there is no motivator to gather the data. In any case, on the off chance that nobody will pay to gather the data, the data at that point can not reflect in the prices.In rundown, The Grossman-Stiglitz Catch 22 repudiates proficient market speculation, which may demonstrate that effective market isn't the genuine component of money related market. There are likewise different conundrums that are apparently difficult to disclose as indicated by proficient market speculation. From the point of view of objective arbitrageurs, if clamor brokers are for the most part in the end driven out of business sectors, there will be no value errors for exchange. Accordingly the discerning arbitrageurs will likewise vanish from the business sectors. All things considered, in what manner can the business sectors keep up a non-exchange equilibrium?From the viewpoint of commotion dealers, if clamor brokers are totally determined out of business sectors, how do the business sectors create the first clamor merchants? It appears to be evident that those two mysteries fill in as proof of the presence of commotion merchants. Productive market theory additionally expresses that it is unimaginable for financial specialists to reliably out-play out the normal market returns, or as it were, â€Å"beat the market†, in light of the fact that the market cost is commonly equivalent to or near the reasonable worth (Fama, 1965). It is incomprehensible, thusly, for financial specialists to acquire better yields through buying underestimated stocks.Investors can just expand their benefits by exchanging more hazardous stocks (http://www. investopedia. com/). Nonetheless, observationally, there is a huge amount of genuine money related guides to help that stocks are not generally exchanged at their reasonable worth. On Monday October 19, 1987, the money related markets far and wide fell by over 20%, shedding an enormous incentive in a solitary day (Ahsan, 2012). It fill s in as model that market cost can wander essentially from its reasonable worth. What's more, Warren Buffett has reliably beaten the market over a significant stretch of time, which likewise negates proficient market theory (http://www. nvestopedia. com/). Along these lines, the two exact models above show that there is a tremendous disparity between genuine monetary markets and effective market theory levelheaded speculators suspicion. Be that as it may, how clamor brokers make due from judicious financial specialists and arbitrageurs? 3. Clarification of commotion traders’ endurance The DSSW model (De Long et. al. , 1990) further clarifies how clamor merchants can exist over the long haul. The productive market theory contends that if resource cost veers from its reasonable incentive by commotion dealers, normal arbitrageurs will exchange against them thus push the value back to its reasonable value.However, it is a long way from reality in genuine money related market. On the off chance that clamor dealers are too idealistic about stock and have raised up the cost of the stock from its key worth, an arbitrageur will bear enormous hazard selling the stock since commotion brokers hopeful convictions won't change for quite a while, consequently the cost won't return, or be pushed up considerably further by clamor merchants (De Long et. al. , 1990). The hazard normal arbitrageurs bears attempting to change clamor traders’ assessments is named â€Å"noise dealer risk†. Since judicious arbitrageurs are chance opposed, the clamor dealer hazard will confine their ability to exchange against commotion traders.De Long et. al (1990) contend that â€Å"the exchange doesn't take out the impacts of commotion since clamor itself makes hazard. † Therefore the clamor dealers can exist over the long haul. De Long et. al (1990) likewise contend that clamor merchants may even acquire higher anticipated returns than levelheaded financial specialists. On the off chance that commotion dealers are over bullish about a benefit and contribute more, it implies they bring extra clamor merchant chance into the advantage, in this way balanced arbitrageurs will discover the benefit less alluring on the grounds that arbitrageurs are hazard loath investors.Noise brokers, particularly those pompous financial specialists, put more in the hazardous resource than reasonable speculators. Arrogant dealers take on more hazard and consequently win higher benefits than their normal partners. De Long et. al (1990) state that â€Å"noise brokers can win higher expected returns exclusively by bearing a greater amount of the hazard that they themselves create†. It is sensible to infer that clamor brokers can make due in the long tun and may even make a greater number of benefits than discerning financial specialists. This may lead us to solicit is there any hugeness from clamor brokers existing in monetary markets? . Criticalness of clamor broke rs The noteworthiness of commotion merchants can be separated into two sections, to be specific the advantages for advertise liquidity and the effect on resource costs. To start with, clamor merchant is the vital segment of money related market. Dark (1986) contends that if all financial specialists are judicious, there will be almost no exchanging singular resources. It implies there is no motivating forces for financial specialists to exchange the portions of an individual firm against the individuals who share a similar data and same convictions on the stock.Traders will put resources into common assets, or portfolios, or list prospects rather than singular firms. In any case, singular offers are value establishments of shared assets, portfolios and list fates (Black, 1986). Consequently, the whole money related market relies upon liquidity in singular resources gave by clamor dealers. Second, commotion brokers can keep up an enormous value sway. As per an experimental research o n Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P500 restores, the value effect of normal opinions is more noteworthy than that of nonsensical estimations (Verma et al, 2008).Verma et al (2008) likewise contend that financial exchange returns have a prompt and positive reaction to clamor exchanging. Consequently, it appears to be evident that commotion exchanging is the fundamental fixing in money related market since it is advantageous for showcase liquidity and it has colossal value sway on stocks. All in all, this exposition has shown that regardless of the essential model noteworthiness, customary money related theory’s discerning financial specialists supposition that is ridiculous. Clamor brokers can get by over the long haul, and may even procure higher expected returns than normal investors.Noise exchanging is imperative segment of monetary market, and effectsly affects resource valuing and benefits for showcase liquidity. The monetary market equilibri

Summer Reading from SIPA Professor and Alumni Authors COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Reading from SIPA Professor and Alumni Authors COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA is home to practitioners, professors and faculty all across academia. Our distinguished professors have written books in their respective fields. So, while you kick-back and enjoy the summer take a look at these books! Howard W. Buffett is an adjunct Associate Professor and Research Scholar at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. He chairs the advisory board for Columbia’s Research Program on Sustainability Policy and Management, and he serves on the management advisory board for the university’s Earth Institute. Buffett is a coauthor of Social Value Investing: A Management Framework for Effective Partnerships (Columbia University Press, 2018), which analyzes innovative collaboration from across sectors and outlines a new methodology to measure social and environmental impact called Impact Rate of Return. William B. Eimicke is Professor of Practice in International and Public Affairs and the founding director of the Picker Center for Executive Education of Columbia Universitys School of International and Public Affairs. The Picker Center runs the Schools Executive MPA program (EMPA), SIPAs audio-visual case study program, and the schools executive training programs. Eimicke teaches courses in management, cross sector partnerships, applied policy analysis, and innovation. He also teaches at Peking University and the Universidad Externado de Colombia. In their new book, Howard W. Buffett and William B. Eimicke present a five-point management framework for developing and measuring the success of such partnerships. Inspired by value investing â€" one of history’s most successful investment paradigms â€" this framework provides tools to maximize collaborative efficiency and positive social impact, so that major public programs can deliver innovative, inclusive, and long-lasting solutions. It also offers practical insights for any private sector CEO, public sector administrator, or nonprofit manager hoping to build successful cross-sector collaborations. The book also received a shout out from Bill Gates.   Michael A. Nutter, the  David N. Dinkins Professor of Professional Practice in Urban and Public Affairs,  served almost 15 years in the Philadelphia City Council, then was elected the 98th Mayor of his hometown in November 2007 and took office in January 2008. At his inaugural address, Mayor Nutter pledged to lower crime, improve educational attainment rates, make Philadelphia the greenest city in America and attract new businesses and residents to the city. He also promised to lead an ethical and transparent government focused on providing high quality, efficient and effective customer service. In 2007, after serving almost fifteen years on the Philadelphia City Council, Michael A. Nutter became the ninety-eighth mayor of his hometown of Philadelphia. From the time he was sworn in until he left office in 2016, there were triumphs and challenges, from the mundane to the unexpected, from snow removal, trash collection, and drinkable water, to the Phillies World Series win, Hurricane Irene, Occupy Philadelphia, and the Papal visit. By the end of Nutters tenure, homicides were at an almost fifty-year low, high-school graduation and college-degree attainment rates increased significantly, and Philadelphias population had grown every year. Nutter also recruited businesses to open in Philadelphia, motivating them through tax reforms, improved services, and international trade missions.Mayor Nutter details the important tasks that mayoral administrations do, he tells the compelling story of a dedicated staff working together to affect positively the lives of the people of Philadelp hia every day. His anecdotes, advice, and insights will excite and interest anyone with a desire to understand municipal government. Alum Andrea di Robilant  (80 SIPA) is the author of A Venetian Affair, a biography of his ancestor in 18th century Venice based on their correspondence; and a sequel entitled Lucia: A Venetian Life in the Age of Napoleon. Di Robilant was born in Italy and educated at Le Rosey and Columbia University. He now lives in Rome, working as a correspondent for the newspaper La Stampa. In the fall of 1948 Hemingway and his fourth wife traveled for the first time to Venice, which Hemingway called a goddam wonderful city. He was a year shy of his fiftieth birthday and hadnt published a novel in nearly a decade. At a duck shoot in the lagoon he met and fell in love with Adriana Ivancich, a striking Venetian girl just out of finishing school. Di Robilant-whose great-uncle moved in Hemingways revolving circle of bon vivants, aristocrats, and artists-recreates with sparkling clarity this surprising, years-long relationship. Hemingway used Adriana as the model for Renata in Across the River and into the Trees, and continued to visit Venice to see her; when the Ivanciches traveled to Cuba, Adriana was there as he wrote The Old Man and the Sea. This illuminating story of writer and muse-which also examines the cost to a young woman of her association with a larger-than-life literary celebrity-is an intimate look at the fractured heart and changing art of Hemingway in his fi fties. Joseph E. Stiglitz is University Professor at Columbia and Co-Chair of the University’s Committee on Global Thought. He is also the co-founder and co-president of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia.In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information, and he was a lead author of the 1995 Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. In 2011, Time named Stiglitz one of the 100 most influential people in the world. America currently has the most inequality, and the least equality of opportunity, among the advanced countries. While market forces play a role in this stark picture, politics has shaped those market forces. In this best-selling book, Stiglitz exposes the efforts of well-heeled interests to compound their wealth in ways that have stifled true, dynamic capitalism. Along the way he examines the effect of inequality on our economy, our democracy, and our system of justice. Stiglitz explains how inequality affects and is affected by every aspect of national policy, and with characteristic insight he offers a vision for a more just and prosperous future, supported by a concrete program to achieve that vision. [Book covers from Amazon.com and Columbia University Press.]

I Am A Long Time Fan Of Diana Krall - 1684 Words

I’m a long-time fan of Diana Krall; I began listening to her when her Look of Love album came out in 2001. I own most of her albums as well as Live in Paris – DVD and Live in Rio – BluRay. So, you can imagine my excitement when I heard she was coming out with a new album in 2015. Then I found out what was going to be on it. Now I was excitedly concerned. She’s known for singing the Great American Songbook and jazz in general. Wallflower sounded like it was going to be the Great American Soft-Rock (Pop) album. Some of these songs were sung by The Carpenters. Not to disparage The Carpenters, but I have heard the songs in more than one elevator and more than once while I’m waiting on the phone. I was more than a little concerned that this was†¦show more content†¦I’m not a fan of raspy voices - earthy yes, but not raspy. Mr. Adams is near the top of the hill in terms of the raspy quality of his voice, matched only by my least favorite a rtist on the planet, Rod Stewart. When Sting collaborated with Messrs. Stewart and Adams on â€Å"All for Love† for the movie The Three Musketeers, that, for my preference, was the epitome of poor songs (even though I quite like Sting). In many ways, David Foster’s production of the album reflects his professionalism and adept touch. Typically a genius at choosing tracks and their order, understanding the album as a whole and ensuring stellar orchestral band support, there are times when it seems out of place and over-produced on this album. In particular, the lush strings that begin the somewhat obscure Bob Dylan song, â€Å"Wallflower,† don’t seem to quite mesh with its folksy underpinnings. But then again, this is an atypical folk song. It’s more like a country love song. I would also say, that any Bob Dylan song sung by anyone other than Bob Dylan is a win. (Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen have to be two of the best songwriters this country has produced; they also have to be two of the worst singers I’ve ever heard. However, if you listen to the Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3, his singing is reasonably good on â€Å"Wallflower.†) I digress; despite the occasional mismatch, Mr. F oster does a fabulous job producing a clear, chromatic, cohesive, consonant sound for this album. Ms. Krall and Mr.

Gradual Release of Responsibility in all Content Areas

Limitations of Captive Breeding Free Essays

Biology 320 Dr. Nissen 08 November 2012 Limitations of Captive Breeding While the use of captive breeding has grown enormously in the more recent years there has been a complete lack of attention paid to the limitations placed on that endangered species by the captive breeding programs. Limitations such as establishing self-sufficient captive populations, poor success in reintroductions, high costs, domestications, preemption of other recover techniques, disease outbreaks and maintaining administrative continuity have all been significant ( Snyder et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations of Captive Breeding or any similar topic only for you Order Now 996). We will review the self-sufficient captive populations, reintroductions, and domestications, these are among the most important limitation factors for the review. Establishing self-sufficient captive populations obtaining consistent reproduction and survivorship under captive conditions has proven quite difficult with many species. There are a variety of reasons as to why there has been failure to breed well in captivity, and identifying these factors can be difficult and are still unknown even after many years of experimentation. Because of poor reproduction the self-sustaining captive populations may never be achieved for some of the endangered species (Snyder et al. 1996). In a recent review of 145 reintroduction programs of captive-bred animals, largely vertebrates, only 11% of the cases were successfully reintroduced into the wild populations (Beck et al. 1994). The causes of the reintroduction failure of the captive bred animals vary from a failure to correct the factors originally causing significant behavioral deficiencies in the released animals, to social behavior. The behavioral issues are typically seen in the animals that lack the opportunity to associate with wild individuals in a natural setting during the critical learning periods. Many of the problems affecting captive preservation and reintroduction of endangered species are results of genetic and phenotypic changes that occur in captivity as well (Snyder et al. 996) and this directly affects the domestication of the captive-bred animal. The implications of the progressive genetic and phenotypic changes are more serious than recognized for the species in long-term captive breeding. Because of progressive domestication the general expectation that one can â€Å"preserve† endangered species in captivity without significant change over a long period of time should be abandoned (Snyder et al. 1996). How to cite Limitations of Captive Breeding, Essay examples

Oedipus Rex Essays (941 words) - Operas, Oedipus The King, Oedipus

Oedipus Rex The play Oedipus Rex may show mankind's search for a better society. The Greeks in the 5th century B.C. tried to make the most out of life. They wanted to know, what was the best way to live in that society at the time? The Greeks then began to study mankind. They began to determine between the rights and wrongs of the society. He who violated the social norms suffered throughout their life. For example, Oedipus Rex showed mainly three types of ?unmoral acts? that deified the social norms of society. The main three were his Intellectual Pride, Three types of Hubris, and his anger and rash judgment towards Creon. Prior to the birth of Oedipus Rex, a prophecy was spoken over Laius and his wife, Jocasta. They were told that their son would one day be his father's killer and would then marry his mother. In fear, kind Lauis and queen Jocasta sent the baby off with a slave to be killed. He was never killed, but rather was given to a childless king and queen, which lovingly raised him. Later in his life, several unknown men traveling confronted him. Upon confrontation, Oedipus Rex killed all but one of the men in self-defense. Unknowingly, Oedipus had begun to fulfill the prophecy for one of the men had been his father, Laius. While traveling, Oedipus had come to the city of Thebes. There he saved the city from the wrath of the sphinx by solving her riddle. He was a savior to the city, and was made king and married Jocasta (his mother). They ruled together and conceived four children. Although the truth had been spoken to Oedipus about these matters previously, he had chosen not to believe them. Oedipus's Intellectual Pride begins to unravel. He is looking for the murderer of the king (his father). He thinks 5 or 6 men killed the king because of money (bribery). No, Oedipus is wrong. He makes a lot of mistakes and he thinks he knows the answers to this situation. He is very self-confident and takes responsibility, as a king should. Oedipus acts too quickly and jumps to conclusions, while trying to figure out who committed this unmoral act that broke the social norm of their society. He asks Teiresias, but he refuses tell Oedipus that it was he who killed the king. But remember, Oedipus has already heard a prophecy about himself. His pride makes it difficult for him to listen to other people's advice and facts. He was so sure that he knew who the murderer was, but he was too ignorant. The answer was given to him but refused to believe it. Hubris begins to play a role in Oedipus character. Mainly there are three areas of Hubris he uncovered. The term Hubris means a behavior without proper limits; arrogance; insolence; defiance to the laws of the gods or moral laws. First, Oedipus has committed a murder and engaged in incest. He has mocked the gods. Oedipus solved the riddle of the sphinx and claimed he did everything on his own. In a sense, he looked down on the gods. The Greeks believed that there were powers higher than themselves. Man was great but not as great and powerful as the gods. Oedipus showed the opposite. Secondly, he shows the opposite by insulting the gods. He stated that he didn't need them in his life. Here he commits blasphemy, which is a term meaning, the act of speaking out against a sacred person. Lastly, his anger shows another hubris. He speaks out against Teiresias, stating that he was a wicked old man. In response, Oedipus showed no respect for Teiresias. For this, he will endure great Nemesis for his hubris's. Nemesis is a term, which means great punishment for going against a god. His failure to listen to the god's warnings resulted by making his life a living nightmare. He had committed the unmentionable and he'd rather not exist at this point. Oedipus, ruler of Thebes, murdered his own father and married his mother. Such acts are almost always deemed unnatural and criminal; they are not tolerated within a traditional society. A person who has committed these illegal acts of murder

6 Tips for Renegotiating Your Salary

6 Tips for Renegotiating Your Salary Whether you’re seeking more than a standard cost-of-living bump or have seen your job responsibilities increase over the past year, this may be a great time to open salary negotiations with your boss. The holidays are over and everyone’s settling in for the year ahead- so why not do everything you can to increase your bottom line? 1. Pick your timingIf your company’s year-end financial report just came out and it’s bleaker than an outdoor swimming pool in January, know that this might not be the best time to approach your boss about a raise. It’s not necessarily a dealbreaker, but definitely be wary that your request might not be met with an open checkbook.Knowing how the company is doing in general can help you frame your request. If things are a little lean, open with an acknowledgment that you know things are tough, but that you’d like to open a dialogue on your salary for [reasons xyz].2. Be realisticBefore you even bring up a salary chan ge with your boss, do the legwork by researching what the salary range is for your role within your industry. This can help you figure out a reasonable dollar figure, but can also show you where you stand on the compensation scale. If your salary is currently on the low end of the standard range for your job title and experience level, that gives you leverage when you talk to your boss.3. Don’t make threats/demandsSalary negotiation is a dialogue. Just as you’ll have a preferred outcome in your head, so will your boss. It may take some time to get to a middle ground that works for both of you, so you won’t do yourself any favors by going in guns a-blazing and asking for a particular number or else. That will only put your manager on the defensive, and will not make him or her likely to accommodate your request, however overdue or reasonable it might be at heart. At this point, the company holds the power- being overly aggressive at the start gives you fewer opti ons later on.4. Don’t forget benefitsWhile this is a chance to increase your base salary, it’s also a chance to revisit your benefits and perks, as well. If you seek more vacation time, comp time, or a flexible work-from-home arrangement a certain number of days per week or month, it puts more chips on the table. It could also help provide some middle ground if your employer is unable to meet your top salary goal.5. Document everythingWhen you ask for a raise, you’ll need backup to help justify the increase to your employer. Before you start any kind of negotiation, get these in order. Have a list of specific bullet points ready that you can bust out either in an email or in conversation with your boss. Successful projects that you’ve spearheaded, revenue increases, times when you’ve gone above and beyond†¦get ‘em all in that list. Remember, you’re offering a case as to why you deserve more. General comments like â€Å"I’m a hard worker† or â€Å"I’m good at my job† don’t offer specific enough reasons to give you more money.6. This time, it’s (im)personalKeep personal relationships and needs out of it. This negotiation process is about getting compensation you feel you deserve as a worker- not about how you need more cash for your speedboat down payment. Make sure you limit the discussion to your professional accomplishments, your worth in the workplace, and your relationship to the company.Also, if you’re friendly with your boss, remember that during your salary talks he or she  is no longer the friend with whom you share cat videos. This is the professional colleague who likely wants the best for you, but also has to keep the company’s best interests in mind, too. It’s unfair to expect special treatment based on personal BFFness- not only unfair to your boss, but to your other colleagues as well. You never want there to be even a hint of impr opriety, so keep things straightforward and professional. Then celebrate together later with a cat video.As with just about everything else, the motto for salary renegotiation is â€Å"be prepared.† Knowing your worth and having as much information as possible at your fingertips once you open the dialogue will give you a strong platform. You may or may not get the exact dollar figure you want, but going into the process with confidence and concrete reasons is the best way to start.

The Peters Projection and the Mercator Map

The Peters Projection and the Mercator Map Proponents of the Peters projection map claim that their map is a good, fair, and non-racist view of the world. Theyre comparing their map to the almost-defunct Mercator map. Unfortunately, geographers and cartographers agree that neither map projection is appropriate for use as a map of our planet. The Mercator vs. Peters controversy is truly a moot point. Both maps are rectangular projections and are poor representations of the planet. But heres how each came to prominence and in most cases, misuse. The Peters Projection German historian and journalist Arno Peters called a press conference in 1973 to announce his new map projection that treated each country fairly by representing area accurately. The Peters projection map used a rectangular coordinate system that showed parallel lines of latitude and longitude. Skilled at marketing, Arno claimed that his map more fairly displayed third world countries than the popular Mercator projection map, which distorts and dramatically enlarges the size of Eurasian and North American countries.   While the Peters projection does (almost) represent the land of equal area equally, all map projections distort the shape of the earth, a sphere.   Peters Picks Up Popularity   Proponents of the Peters map were vociferous and demanded that organizations switch to the new, fairer map of the world. Even the United Nations Development Programme began using the Peters projection in its maps. But the popularity of the Peters Projection may have been due to a lack of knowledge about basic cartography.   Today, relatively few organizations use the map, yet the evangelizing continues.   Peters chose to compare his strange-looking map to the Mercator map because he knew that it was an inappropriate map of the earth. Defenders of the Peters projection claim that the Mercator projection distorts the size of countries and continents in the Northern Hemisphere and a  place like Greenland appears to be the same size as Africa, yet Africas land mass is actually fourteen times larger. These claims are certainly all true and correct. The Mercator map was never intended to be used as a wall map and by the time Peters started complaining about it, the Mercator map was well on its way out of fashion anyway. The Mercator Map The Mercator projection was developed in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator as a navigation tool. Like the Peters map, the grid is rectangular and lines of latitude and longitude are all parallel. The Mercator map was designed as an aid to navigators since straight lines on the Mercator projection are loxodromes or rhumb lines representing lines of constant compass bearing perfect for true direction. If a navigator wishes to sail from Spain to the West Indies, all he has to do is draw a line between the two points and the navigator knows which compass direction to continually sail to reach their destination. The Mercator map has always been a poor projection for a world map, yet due to its rectangular grid and shape, geographically illiterate publishers found it useful for wall maps, atlas maps, and maps in books and newspapers published by non-geographers. It became the standard map projection in the mental map of most westerners. The argument against the Mercator projection by the pro-Peters folks usually discusses its advantage for colonial powers by making Europe look a lot larger than it actually is on the globe. Mercator No Longer Widely Used Fortunately, over the past few decades, the Mercator projection has fallen into disuse from many reliable sources. In a 1980s study, two British geographers discovered that the Mercator map did not exist among dozens of atlases examined. But some major map companies still produce wall maps using the Mercator projection.   In 1989, seven North American professional geographic organizations (including the American Cartographic Association, National Council for Geographic Education, Association of American Geographers, and the National Geographic Society) adopted a resolution that called for a ban on all rectangular coordinate maps. The resolution called for the complete elimination of the use of the Mercator as well as the Peters projection. But what to replace them with? Alternatives to Mercator and Peters Non-rectangular maps have been around for a long time. The National Geographic Society adopted the Van der Grinten projection, which encloses the world in a circle, in 1922. Then in 1988, they switched to the Robinson projection, on which the high latitudes are less distorted in size (but more so in shape). Also in 1998, the Society began using the Winkel Tripel projection, which provides a slightly better balance between size and shape than the Robinson projection. Compromise projections like the Robinson or Winkle Tripel present the world in a more globe-like look and are strongly encouraged by geographers. These are the types of projections youll see on maps of continents or of the world today.

[Political Economy]Draw the view of good community and its purpose by Essay

[Political Economy]Draw the view of good community and its purpose by classical philosopher like Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Be - Essay Example The two individuals and their parties hold divergent views and positions on the political economy of the American Nation. This essay will generally view the whole country as one single national community. The paper will analyze and argue the ideas of what is good for the community and review the party and candidate positions in the presidential elections campaigns. The Community and the American Vote In the ongoing political campaigns, both candidates are seeking the votes of various groups. They are seeking the votes of young people, seniors, the wealthy, the middleclass, the poor, professionals, and the jobless, among many different other categories of voters. In wooing the different voters, the candidates and their parties are proposing different policies that they feel will better suit the whole American community while at the same time benefitting some special interest groups. A government's budget is more than a mass of numbers; it reveals a nation's priorities and aspirations. The Obama and Romney budget proposals offer two starkly different visions of America's future, making this election the sharpest contrast between competing economic philosophies since Lyndon Johnson routed Barry Goldwater in 1964. (Blinder) For example, one strategy proposed to achieve the good of the community is President Obama’s Medical Care program that was signed into law in 2010. The law seeks to afford every American citizen universal health care. The Democrats have been in its full support while the Republicans have been critical about it. Obamacare seems to respond to Bentham's theory of Utilitarian rights as explained in his book, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. The most common criticism of Obamacare is that it encourages a culture of dependency and undeserved entitlement. Distribution of Power and Wealth for the Good of the Community Morath (2012) aptly captures the differences the two politicians and their parties approach the campaigns and issues affecting the voter. Kevin Hassett, adviser to  Mitt Romney, said the Republican nominee would take a hard line on entitlement spending that would create the â€Å"sigh of relief effect† needed to encourage businesses to expand. Obama adviser  Jeffery Liebman  said the president would spark job growth, and ultimately consumer demand, through targeted spending on infrastructure, schools and public safety. (Morath) Taxation is one area where the two presidential aspirants widely differ in policy. Both parties offer taxation policies that work according to the philosophies of distribution as expounded by Aristotle in his views on distributive justice. â€Å"Yet the true friend of the people should see that they be not too poor, for extreme poverty lowers the character of the democracy; measures therefore should be taken which will give them lasting prosperity.† (Aristotle, Politics, in Sommerville, p.93) Rousseau asserts that the general will is most impo rtantly enforced by the rule of law and is for the good of both the individual and the community. The general will serves first the community of citizens, rather than the rich minority. This seems in line with the taxation proposals by Obama’s team to tax the rich more. The 2012 election seems to represent some contest between the rich and the poor. Gazing beyond the rhetoric, they would notice how unwilling each party really is to cede any

Fast, global,and entrepreneurial; supply chain management , hong kong Case Study - 1

Fast, global,and entrepreneurial; supply chain management , hong kong style and interview with victor fung - Case Study Example Several changes have been done since its establishment in a bid to conform to the recent demands in the supply chain management field. Globalization has brought about increased interactions among countries in different continents. As such there has been increased focus on eliminating some of the most recurrent challenges faced during conduction of international business such as language barrier. Organizations conducting international businesses have invested deeply in overcoming language barriers among other challenges leading to elimination of intermediaries such as interpreters. During the first years of its establishment, Li Fung ripped heavily from interpretation due to the ability of its founder to speak English. However, such a role in the modern day is seemingly irrelevant hence the need to come up with other strategies to gain competitive advantage. For instance, Li Fung came shifted focus to production of full products from the entire region rather than a single product from one place. This increased relevance of the company in the supply chain since an organization could rely on Li Fung to get all necessa ry materials required at one point. This implies that organizations need to constantly come up with strategies corresponding to market changes in order to prevent elimination. However, production techniques changed once again hence Li Fung was now charged with the responsibility of managing the entire production process for its clients to come with a finished product. However, changes in economic status in Hong Kong triggered yet another shift to employment of dispersed production. This shows that market status is heavily dependent on the economy among other external factors. The changes evident in the life span of Li Fung are a clear indicator of the many changes requiring attention taking effect in the supply chain management sector. This implies that

Cultural Identities in China

Cultural Identities in China One of the oldest continuous civilizations in history and the dominant cultural center of East Asia is China, where the place full with flourishing philosophical, political, economic, artistic and scientific traditions. Moreover, China has opened up an intense cultural identity as a widespread civilization. In the last century, China has been struggled on the challenge of smiting a brand new identity in the world of nation-states and re-determines its cultural values in a modern world. The tension between tradition and modernity of Chinese has been turning to Confucius for possible ways to a latter-day social illness that related with commercialization and sudden economic growth inevitably spotlights by China. Chineses are subject to change their conservation and traditional values. In spite of their persuasiveness and persistence, the major Confucian orientations do not give any rise to a rigid, conform and closed system. China generates imperfect harmony but progress problematic. The increase of new modus of social organization and activities implied the new understanding on many of the traditional beliefs and organizational precondition. Overall, cultures will often adapt into their core elements appropriately. Now, the increase of a consumer society has defiance many of the Confucians philosophies. The emergence of a rich consumer class and the increase of prevalent culture has usher in a set of values constantly related with the concept of modern. Industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization, democratization, universal education, mass-consumption and fast communication celebrates modernity. These ideas have been recruiting into latest Chinese society and become part of the Chinese cultural identity. Hence, Chinese cultural identity consist both traditional modernity. Any traditions must be comprehended as a chosen version of the former filtered from the desires, experience and current concerns. In the early of 20th Century, Chinas modernization project has left an imprint in the values of Chinese culture. Cultural identity in a specific filmic signification can help to lighten the problem of cultural identity have been claims through empirical. The main issue is not certainly attributable to the films Chinese identity, if this matter exists in most developing countries. Chinese characteristics and Chinese identity was actually brings up by the latter Chinese film where grounds the problem on a concrete Chinese soil. The classical Confucian principles were frowned upon the side of human desire and activities which related to money. An identity that has struggled to balance between tradition and modernity in the contest between Confucian moral tradition and mainland Chineses newly-discovered economic freedom in a post socialist society are captures well the indistinct and uneasy cultural identity of contemporary China. The diverse ideas are contend with one another for interpretative legitimacy is known as the subjective process to evaluate the cultural identity in a cinematic text. The exercise of identity identification will involves the allocation of special set of significances and the overture to involve or avoid the capacity diffusion of other significances. Chinas Enculturation Process According to A. Scott Moreau, enculturation can be seen as the learning of a culture through growing up in it. Enculturation is the process that begins from the moment of birth in which cultural rules and pathways, values and dreams, and pattern and regulations of life are set on from one generation to the next. People who live with their own culture will become enculturated as if they internalize their cultural pattern. There were clearly states that every human are born without culture. The cultural will exist as if the children have go through the enculturation process, because the children has internalized or drawn the environment of culture. Thus, the enculturation process will happen without any realization by the children. The children will learn and form their own self according to their own cultural, which this is another process of enculturation known as the active self-conscious process. Moreover, enculturation involves and brings up the indigenization. Christians enculturation believe that Chinese culture actually includes in the leadership and the incarnation of the Church among the circumstances of current social realities, whereby it indicated facing the political situation creatively in a brand new cultural setting. The Chinese once fit by the outliers, they can start to combine Chinese cultures, values, ideals, teachings and orientation of the gospel and church tradition. Chinas Assimilation Process The continuous of dynasties facilitated Chinas boundary firmly southward and the empire was stranded frequently by aggressions and migrations of northern savage. These people were recruited into Chinese culture through a process of assimilation and it was not irregular for the empire to be excluded by a dynasty of non-Chinese origin. Similarly, people who are out from the religion of Buddhism was adjusted and assimilated to Chinese traditions. In the Roman and other empires, assimilation was very less intensive. The cohesiveness and longevity of Chinese Empire are most important condition as the development of the Chinese bureaucracy and the creeping influence of its Confucian ideology everywhere in Chinese society. Confucianism, was originated as it was in the old Chinese traditions, learned from academies and trained in Chinese families, and finally increased by its own positions as the core disciplines of the civil service examinations, penetrated in Chinese society at all standards and shaped the cement that retained it together, during periods of political decomposition or the adjudication dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven. Chinese culture, especially Confucianism was proved intensely that it radically penetrated in Vietnam, which China predominant for many centuries. Even surrounding countries such as Korea, where Korea was under Chinese predominant for only short time, as well as Japan, which was never be one of the Chinese Empire. In order to enrich their own societies in Chinese culture and institutions voluntarily, the predominant elites of these countries must be part adopted or adjusted in Chinese culture, even as if they against the Chinese political control. For the new era of East Asia today, this cultural legacy has proven and it will continued to be even more lasting than the previous empire that generates it.

Shell Case Study

The Case Study on â€Å"Organizational change at Royal Dutch/Shell† This case study on â€Å"Organizational Change at Royal Dutch/Shell† deals with the organizational change that the world’s largest non-state-owned oil company made to respond its operating environmental changes in 1990s (Hill, C 2005, pp. 476-477) While there are a few different structures of global organizations such as worldwide area structure, worldwide product divisional structure and global matrix structure, the Anglo-Dutch company Royal Dutch/Shell (hereinafter Shell) decided to be structured with a matrix structure from the 1950s until 1994.Under the matrix structure, the head of each operating company reported to two bosses; one boss was responsible for the geographical region or country and the other was responsible for the business activity worldwide (Shell’s business activities included oil exploration and production, oil products, chemicals, gas and coal). There were two major benefits that Shell enjoyed from this matrix structure for about 40 years. First, their decision making process was based on the consensus building between the two bosses. Because of its side effects such as slow and cumbersome process, it might be not proper for some organizations.However as the nature of Shell’s business environment is that most big decisions are long-term ones that involve huge capital expenditures and as a result they could review thoroughly all the big decisions, this decision making process was beneficial to the company. Second, this slow decision making process caused substantial decentralization by default to the heads of the individual operating companies. Thanks to this decentralization, Shell could respond to local differences in government regulations, competitive conditions and consumer tastes.Even though there were drawbacks such as slow and cumbersome process, the matrix structure fit the environment of the global oil and chemical industries in the 1980s. In the 1980s, Shell sought to grow through acquisition. It bought out the remaining 30% shareholding in Shell Oil in 1985 to consolidate its American operations. While the oil price plummeted in the winter of 1986 when the price fell from $31 per barrel to $10, Shell managed its budget by half: the company had to work much harder to develop new projects more cheaply. As a esult, Shell could make huge improvements in drilling techniques such as slim-hole drilling and directional drilling. The use of 3D seismic became widespread. (from Shell’s official homepage; 1980s to the new millennium). All of these activities worked well under the matrix structure of Shell until the end of 1980s. There was a huge environmental change in 1990. It’s the Gulf War. The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, partly prompted by the low price of oil, led to uncertainty about production and prices spiked. Iraq wanted to gain control of the world's third largest oil producer to give it more control over the world market.Following the Gulf war to liberate Kuwait, crude oil prices entered a period of steady decline, reaching their lowest level in 1994 for 21 years (BBC, Why the oil price keeps rising, June 2008). As the oil prices declined, naturally there was pressure on Shell’s profit margins. Although it had traditionally been among the most profitable oil companies in the world, its relative performance began to slip in the early 1990s as its competitors adapted rapidly to the environment changes. As a result, this suggested that the Shell senior management team review its strategy and the fit between strategy and organizational structure.In 1995, Shell abandoned its 40 year old matrix structure and adopted divisional line structure based on its new strategy to lower the operating costs just as its competitors did. Under the new divisional line structure, Shell now operates with five global product divisions- exploration and production, oil products, chemical, gas and coal. The difference between the organization after 1995 and that before 1994 is that the power of the each global division will increase and the responsibilities of the country (or regional) chefs are reduced.The Shell’s change led to enhanced fit between operating environment, strategy and organizational architecture. As mentioned earlier, Shell's operating environment changed in the early of 1990s with continuing slack demand for oil and weak oil price which caused pressure on profit margins. In order to overcome the challenges, Shell changed its strategy to lowering operating costs by a sharp reduction in head office overhead and the elimination of unnecessary duplication of facilities across countries.This new strategy could be achieved via the change of its reorganization in 1995 from matrix organization to divisional lines structure. As a result of the change, Shell could reduce the need for a large head office bureaucracy and eliminated unnecessary duplicatio n of facilities across countries. Eventually, production may be consolidated in lager facilities that serve an entire region, rather than a single country, with which it could enjoy the greater scale economies. In summary, Shell’s organizational structure change in 1995 could contribute its business strategy changes which were driven by the operating environment changes.

My Mothers Tongue by Amy Tan - 596 Words

In the personal essay â€Å"My Mothers Tongue† (1990), Amy Tan, widely known author explains her insights on language and culture identity using details and memories from her own life experiences. Tan conceals that the language in which her mother used with her â€Å"was the language that helped shape the way [she] saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world† (1208) and in the process it made her who she is today as an author. Tan illuminates the euro centricity of the Master Narrative by retelling stories of her mother being treated poorly because of her â€Å"broken† or â€Å"limited† English. She recalls many past experiences where her mother suffered from bad service and treatment from restaurants, stockbrokers, and even hospitals. Using examples from her personal life Tan gets her point across about language and culture characteristics in order to show how Chinese culture is affected by the master narrative and also encourages others to inc lude a variety of cultures in order to overcome bias opinions. Tan’s apparent audience can be ranged from the child of an immigrant to a doctor and offers an authentic and rich portrayal of Chinese history through her conflicting experience of her Chinese and American cultures. In the essay â€Å"Straw into Gold: The Metamorphosis of the Everyday† (1984), Sandra Cisneros, nationally known Mexican-American author, uses an informal tone and fragment sentences such as â€Å" I’d never seen anybody make corn tortillas. Ever† (1226) to help create a voiceShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mother Tongue By Amy Tan913 Words   |  4 Pages Analysis of Mother Tongue by Amy Tan In the narrative essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† by Amy Tan, the author sets out the story between her mother, whose English is her second language, and Tan herself can speak native English very well. The essay covers the tonal shift of Amy Tan s psychological change, from grudge to understanding. Although she begins the essay saying, I am not a scholar of English or literature. I cannot give you much more than personal opinions on theRead MoreMother Tongue1199 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Mother Tongue† written by Amy Tan â€Å"So easy to read†(p.4). Amy Tan ends her essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. She tells us this mother’s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that â€Å"broken English† is not an inferior language, but justRead MoreHow Language Is The Defining Aspect Of Person s Culture And Identity1122 Words   |  5 Pagesaspect of person’s culture and identity. In the essay, â€Å"How to tame a wild tongue† by Gloria Anzaldua and from the â€Å"Mother Tongue† by Amy tan, both reading conveys the importance of culture in society and it is possible to suffer If we can’t use it properly, however anzaldua was far more confidence about her language but Amy tan was depressed about her language impacted on her life experiences. At my home I speak Urdu with my family but in school I speak English. This situation makes very hard forRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1553 Words   |  7 PagesAdelina Belecciu (Professor’s Name) ENG101 (Date) â€Å"Mother Tongue† Response Essay In the essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy Tan emphasizes the idea that the language we are taught in childhood plays an important role in our lives. She writes about the profound effect language has on her life and how she is inspired by her mother’s â€Å"impeccable broken English† to become a writer (317). Tan describes her mother as an educated person who can read sophisticated and technical literature written in EnglishRead MoreFormal English Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesProf. Isaac Eng 14 25 November 2012 Many writers share their experiences about literacy and language. The writer Helen Keller wrote The Day Language Came into My Life, an essay where she tells the reader her experience with how she learned how to speak, read and write even though she is blind and deaf. Amy Tan wrote Mother Tongue, an essay where she talks about the trouble of speaking English as an immigrant in a new country. Frederick Douglass wrote Learning to Read and Write, an essay whereRead MoreComparisson of Mother Tounge and Everyday Use1417 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Hernandez Professor Ali ENC 1102 March 20, 2014 Amy Tans, â€Å"Mother Tongue† and Alice Walkers â€Å"Everyday Use† both share similar traits in their writings of these two short stories. â€Å"Mother Tongue† revolves around the experiences Tan and her mother had due to her mothers English speaking limitations, she also revolves her story around the relationship of a mother and daughter. Alice walker on the other hand writes a story narrated by â€Å"Mama† the mother of two daughters Maggie and Dee andRead MoreHow I Learned to Read and Write by Frederick Douglass and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan1178 Words   |  5 Pages How I Learned to Read and Write by Frederick Douglass and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan are essays that share a common theme. The theme is opposition and how it is necessary to build strength. In the essay How I Learned to Read and Write, Frederick Douglass explains that he was born into slavery and faced his own ignorance with a resolve to overcome this challenge. Faced with o ppression by the master and mistress of the house, a young Frederick Douglass used any means necessary toRead MoreMother Tongue767 Words   |  4 PagesMother Tongue, by Amy Tan Comprehension 1. What Tan is classifying in this essay is the different kinds of English she uses. 2. Tan identify the different categories she discusses in â€Å"Mother Tongue† almost in the last paragraph, where she named all the kind of English she uses. 3. Tan does illustrate each category she identifies 4. Some specific situations where Tan says her mother’s â€Å"limited English† was a handicap is when her mother could not be able to talk directly with peopleRead MoreConfidence Enables A Person to Try New Things1471 Words   |  6 Pages During my early years I was bullied in and out of school. My first experience with bullying started when I was in daycare. A girl named Mary Doe. Every time I saw her she would talk about either my hair or my clothes or the way I looked. One day, my brother and Mary Doe’s sister were watching Mary Doe and I and then Mary Doe’s aunt had told her to leave me alone. And after her aunt left the room, Mary Doe started pushing me to see what I would do and after a while I got really mad so I punched herRead More Amy Tans Mother Tongue Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesAmy Tans Mother Tongue The Essay written by Amy Tan titled Mother Tongue concludes with her saying, I knew I had succeeded where I counted when my mother finished my book and gave her understandable verdict (39). The essay focuses on the prejudices of Amy and her mother. All her life, Amys mother has been looked down upon due to the fact that she did not speak proper English. Amy defends her mothers Broken English by the fact that she is Chinese and that the Simple English spoken

Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Alaska